dual video/memory clock generator integrated circuit systems, inc. ics2495 notes: 1. ics2495m(soic) pinout is identical to ics2495n(dip). pin configuration xtal2 1 16 xtal1 extfreq 2 15 vclk fs0 3 14 xtalout fs1 4 13 vss strobe 5 12 vdd fs2 6 11 n/c fs3 7 10 mclk ms0 8 9 ms1 16-pin dip or soic features low cost - eliminates need for multiple crystal clock oscillators in video display subsystems mask-programmable frequencies pre-programmed versions for industry standard vga chips glitch-free frequency transitions internal clock remains locked when the external frequency input is selected low power cmos device technology small footprint - 16-pin dip or soic buffered xtal out integral loop filter components fast acquisition of selected frequencies, strobed or non- strobed guaranteed performance up to 135 mhz excellent power supply rejection advanced pll for low phase-jitter frequency change detection circuitry enhances new fre- quency acquisition and eliminates problems caused by programs that rewrite frequency information description the ics2495 clock generator is an integrated circuit dual phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer capable of generating 16 video frequencies and 4 memory clock frequencies for use with high performance video display systems. utilizing cmos technology to implement all linear, digital and memory func- tions, the ics2495 provides a low-power, small-footprint, low-cost solution to the generation of video dot clocks. outputs are compatible with xga , vga , ega , mcga , cga , mda , as well as the higher frequencies needed for advanced applica- tions in desktop publishing and workstation graphics. provi- sion is made via a single level custom mask to implement customer specific frequency sets. phase-locked loop circuitry permits rapid glitch-free transitions between clock frequencies. in addition to providing 16 clock rates, the ics2495 has provisions to multiplex an externally-generated signal source into the vclk signal path. internal phase-locked frequencies continue to remain locked at their preset values when this mode is selected. this feature permits instantaneous transition from an external frequency to an internally-generated frequency. printed circuit board testing is simplified by the use of these modes as an external clock generated by the ate tester can be fed through, permitting synchronous testing of the entire system. ics2595reva090694
figure 1 vclk xtalout n/c mclk ms1 extfreq fs0 fs1 strobe fs2 fs3 ms0 10 c3 c2 .1 22 ics2495 5.0v notes: fs3-fs0, ms1-ms0, extfreq, and strobe inputs are all equipped with pull-ups and need not be tied high. mount decoupling capacitors as close as possible to the device and connect device ground to the ground plane where available. mount crystal and its circuit traces away from switching digital lines and the vclk, mclk and xtalout lines. reference oscillator & crystal selection in cases where the on-chip crystal oscillator is used to generate the reference frequency, the accuracy of the crystal oscillation frequency will have a very small effect on output accuracy. the external crystal and the on-chip circuit implement a pierce oscillator. in a pierce oscillator, the crystal is operated in its parallel-resonant (also called anti-resonant mode). this means that its actual frequency of oscillation depends on the effective capacitance that appears across the terminals of the quartz crystal. use of a crystal that is characterized for use in a series-resonant circuit is fine, although the actual oscillation frequency will be slightly higher than the value stamped on the crystal can (typically 0.025%-0.05% or so). normally, this error is not significant in video graphics applications, which is why the ics2495 will typically derive its frequency reference from a series resonant crystal connected between pins 1 and 16. as the entire operation of the phase-locked loop depends on having a stable reference frequency, the crystal should be mounted as close as possible to the package. avoid routing digital signals or the ics2495 outputs underneath or near these traces. it is also desirable to ground the crystal can to the ground plane, if possible. power supply conditioning the ics2495 is a member of the second generation of dot clock products. by incorporating the loop filter on chip and upgrad- ing the vco, the ease of application has been substantially improved over earlier products. if a stable and noise-free power supply is available, no external components are required. how- ever, in most applications it is judicious to decouple the power supply as shown in figure 1. layout considerations utilizing the ics2495 in video graphics adapter cards or on ps2 motherboards is simple, but does require precautions in board layout if satisfactory jitter-free performance is to be realized. care should be exercised to ensure that components not related to the ics2495 do not share its ground. in applica- tions utilizing a multi-layer board, v ss should be directly connected to the ground plane. frequency reference the internal reference oscillator contains all of the passive components required. an appropriate crystal should be con- nected between xtal1 (16) and xtal2 (1) . in ibm compat- ible applications this will typically be a 14.31818 mhz crystal, but fundamental mode crystals between 10 mhz and 25 mhz have been tested. maintain short lead lengths between the crystal and the ics2495 . in some applications, it may be desirable to utilize the bus clock. if the signal amplitude is equal to or greater than 3.5 volts, it may be connected directly to xtal1 (16) . if the signal amplitude is less than 3.5 volts, connect the clock through a .047 microfarad capacitor to xtal1 (16) , and keep the lead length of the capacitor to xtal1 (16) to a minimum to reduce noise susceptibility . this input is internally biased at v dd/ 2. since ttl compatible clocks typically guarantee a v oh of only 2.8v, capacitively coupling the input restores noise immunity. the ics2495 is not sensitive to the duty cycle of the bus clock; however, the quality of this signal varies considerably with different moth- erboard designs. as the quality of this signal is typically outside of the control of the graphics adapter card manufacturer, it is suggested that this signal be buffered on the graphics adapter board. xtal2 (1) must be left open in this configuration. ics2495 2
buffered xtalout in motherboard applications it may be desirable to have the ics2495 provide the bus clock for the rest of the system. this eliminates the need for an additional 14.31818 mhz crystal oscillator in the system, saving money as well as board space. depending on the load, it may be judicious to buffer xta- lout when using it to provide the system clock. output circuit considerations as the dot clock is usually the highest frequency present in a video graphics system, consideration should be given to emi. to minimize problems with meeting fcc emi requirements, the trace which connects vclk or mclk and other compo- nents in the system should be kept as short as possible. the ics2495 outputs have been designe d to mi nimize overshoot. in addition, it may be helpful to place a ferrite bead in these signal paths to limit the propagation of high-order harmonics of this signal. a suitable device would be a ferroxcube 56-590- 65/4b or equivalent. this device should be placed physically close to the ics2495 . a 33 to 47 ohm series resistor, some- times called source termination, in this path may be necessary to reduce ringing and reflection of the signal and may thereby reduce phase jitter as well as emi. external frequency sources extfreq on versions so equipped by the programming, is an input to a digital multiplexer. when this input is enabled by the fs0-3 selection, the signal driving pin 2 will appear at vclk (15) instead of the pll output. internally, the pll will remain in lock at the frequency selected by the rom code. the programming option also exists to output the crystal oscil- lator output on vclk. in the case where xtal1 is being driven by an external oscillator, then this frequency would appear on vclk if so programmed. digital inputs fs0 (3) , fs1 (4) , fs2 (6) , and fs3 (7) , are the ttl compatible frequency select inputs for the binary code corresponding to the frequency desired. strobe (5) when high, allows new data into the frequency select latches; and when low, prevents address changes per figure 2. the internal power-on-clear signal will force an initial frequency code corresponding to an all zeros input state. ms0 (8) and ms1 (9) are the correspond- ing memory select inputs and are not strobed. ics2495 3
pin descriptions the following table provides the pin description for the 16-pin ics2495 packages. pin number pin symbol type description 1 xtal2 out crystal interface 2 extfreq in external clock input (if so programmed) 3 fs0 in control input for vclk selection 4 fs1 in control input for vclk selection 5 strobe in strobe for latching fs (0-3) ( high enable ) 6 fs2 in control input for vclk selection 7 fs3 in control input for vclk selection 8 ms0 in select input for mclk selection 9 ms1 in select input for mclk selection 10 mclk out memory clock output 11 n/c - not connected 12 vdd - power 13 vss - ground 14 xtalout out buffered crystal output 15 vclk out video clock output 16 xtal1 in reference input clock from system absolute maximum ratings ambient temperature under bias 0 c to 70 c storage temperature -40 c to 125 c voltage on all inputs and outputs with respect to v ss 0.3 to 7 volts note: stresses above those listed under absolute maximum rating may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of the specifications is not implied. exposure to abso- lute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect product reliability. standard test conditions the characteristics below apply for the following standard test conditions, unless otherwise noted. all voltages are referenced to v ss (ov ground). positive current flows into the referenced pin. operating temperature range 0 c to 70 c power supply voltage 4.75 to 5.25 volts ics2495 4
dc characteristics at 5 volts v dd symbol parameter min max units conditions v dd operating voltage range 4.75 5.25 v v il input low voltage v ss 0.8 v v dd = 5v v ih input high voltage 2.0 v dd v v dd = 5v i ih input leakage current - 10 m a v in = v cc v ol output low voltage: vclk, mclk - 0.4 v i ol = 8.0 ma xtalout - 0.4 v i ol = 4.0 ma v oh output high voltage: vclk, mclk 2.4 - v i oh = 8.0 ma xtalout 2.4 - v i oh = 4.0 ma i dd supply current - 30 ma vdd = 5v r up internal pullup resistors 50 - k ohms v in = 0.0v c in input pin capacitance - 8 pf f c = 1 mhz c out output pin capacitance - 12 pf f c = 1 mhz ac timing characteristics the following notes apply to all of the parameters presented in this section. 1. refclk = 14.318 mhz 2. t c = 1/f c 3. all units are in nanoseconds (ns). 4. maximum jitter within a range of 30 m s after triggering on a 400 mhz scope. 5. rise and fall time between 0.8 and 2.0 vdc unless otherwise stated. 6. output pin loading = 15pf. 7. duty cycle measured at 1.4 volts. symbol parameter min max notes strobe timing tpw tsu thd strobe pulse width setup time data to strobe hold time data to strobe 20 10 10 - - - mclk and vclk timings tr tf - - - - rise time fall time frequency error maximum frequency propagation delay for pass through frequency output enable to tristate (into and out of) time - - - 2 2 0.5 135 20 15 duty cycle 40% min. to 60% max. % mhz ns ns ics2495 5
figure 2 ordering information ics2495n-xxx or ics2495m-xxx example: ics xxxx m -xxx pattern number (2 or 3 digit number for parts with rom code patterns) package type n=dip ( plastic) m=soic device type (consists of 3 or 4 digit numbers) prefix ics, av=standard device; gsp=genlock device ics2495 6
ics2495 pattern request form ics produces a selection of standard pattern ics2495 s pre-programmed for compatibility with many popular vga chipsets. custom patterns are also available although a significant volume commitment and/or one-time mask charge will apply. contact ics sales for details. ics part number ics ics- ics- compatible vga chipsets video clock address (hex) frequency (mhz) frequency (mhz) frequency (mhz) 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f memory clock address (hex) frequency (mhz) frequency (mhz) 0 custom pattern #1 reference frequency = __________ standard frequencies shown have been specified by and are supported by the respective vga manufacturer. all standard patterns shown above use 14.31818 mhz as the input reference frequency. if the internal frequency that the ics2495 remains locked to when extfreq is selected is critical, it should be specified. 16-pin soic package 16-pin dip package ordering information ics2495n-xxx or ics2495m-xxx example: ics xxxx m -xxx pattern number (2 or 3 digit number for parts with rom code patterns) package type n=dip ( plastic) m=soic device type (consists of 3 or 4 digit numbers) prefix ics, av=standard device; gsp=genlock device ics2495 7
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